How to assemble an asiq with your own hands

It is more difficult to assemble an ASIC with your own hands than to complete a farm of video cards. Therefore, before assembling, you need to study and understand the principle of operation of an ASIC miner. Mistakes will lead to loss of time and money – burned chips cannot be restored. Beginning miners without soldering experience are better off starting with a farm on video cards.

Cryptocurrency miners do the work of finding the right combination (hash) by brute force. Integrated circuits (ASICs) were created to solve this task efficiently.

Each consensus algorithm has its own chips designed for it. There can be up to 1 thousand of them in one device. ASIC consumes a lot of energy – at least 1.3-1.5 W.

An integrated circuit consists of the following elements:

• Boards. One miner has 2-4 chips, each of which includes 70-500 chips. Almost 90% of them are produced in Taiwan. Developers of asics order them and install them in their products.
• Control unit board. This element synchronizes the work of chips. The breakdown of the central board is indicated by a decrease in hash rate to zero. You can try to roll back to factory settings.
• Power supply. The miner consumes up to 5 watts. The task of the power supply is to provide a stable voltage. Short-term power fluctuations are allowed, so it is better to buy an element with a reserve of 20-30%.
• Cooling system. For the work of the asic needs to maintain a temperature of no more than 80-100 degrees Celsius. To do this, you can install fans and provide heat removal with corrugations. Other options – air conditioning system or water cooling.
• Case. Crypto miners with experience recommend using non-hermetic designs made of metal plates.
• Connectors. Components are connected to external equipment with the help of cables.

Before starting the assembly, it is worth assessing the prospects of the business project. It will be necessary to calculate the profitability and the cost of components. It is also necessary to take into account the price of electricity and related costs (for the purchase of a soldering iron, thermal paste, etc.). If it is planned to place the equipment in the apartment, you will have to buy or assemble a noise box.

Difficulties in manufacturing

Assembling a miner at home requires experience and basic knowledge of radio electronics. Mistakes can disable expensive boards. When making a miner with their own hands, users may encounter such difficulties:

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• Lack of microchips. For installation, chips of well-known models of asics (Antminer, Avalon) are used. Manufacturers do not supply boards separately, so the necessary parts will have to look for from resellers on Aliexpress, Avito. They are not always available.
• Setting up programs for mining. You will have to install the firmware and optimize the application yourself. Beginners can find detailed instructions on thematic forums.
• Speed of operation. The complexity of top networks is constantly growing. An efficient asic model already after a few months requires an update.
• Technical complexity of assembly. It is almost impossible to establish a full production cycle at home. Users are limited by available chips and tools. For the realization of some processes may lack experience and knowledge.

Payback calculation

Potential income from mining can be determined in a calculator (for example, Minerstat). The program shows an approximate result based on the current coin price and blockchain complexity. These parameters will vary. For the calculation, you will need to enter the price of kWh and hash rate. So you can predict the approximate income for the year. From this amount, it is necessary to deduct the costs of renting the premises, electricity, and components.

For example, to build a BTC miner with a productivity of 13.5 TH/s will require:

• Microchips. This is the main and most expensive component. Using outdated chips can be unprofitable. To assemble one device will require 540 BM1383 chips. The cost will be 93 thousand rubles.
• Power supply unit. A reliable server model is needed. Users can buy 2-3 conventional power supplies and connect them in parallel. The approximate price is 12-15 thousand rubles.
• Fans. From the efficiency of cooling depends on the life of the equipment. Coolers will cost 6 thousand rubles.
• Connectors for external connections. Components are often delivered with a defect, so it is better to order with a reserve. Such a purchase will cost 2-4 thousand rubles.
• Housing. Does not affect the power of the equipment, so it can be made independently from wood or metal. Approximate cost – 2-3 thousand rubles.

On average, the price of components will be 110-120 thousand rubles. In a year of bitcoin mining can earn $680 (with complexity and the rate for January 2023). Pay off such an ASIC can be for 2-2.5 years.

From the number of boards depend on the size of the equipment. First you need to determine the location of the miner, make a scheme for the Asic with your own hands. Then you can calculate the number of components and estimate the cost of their purchase.

To generate income, you need to connect at least 3-6 devices. They are connected in a single local network.

To manage the farm, the ASIC is connected to a computer. It is not involved in calculations, so you can take a budget model.

Advantages and disadvantages of assembling an asic on your own

ASIC compared to small farms on GPU are more productive. Even taking into account the high electricity consumption, the technique has a shorter payback period. The main disadvantages are the price and long delivery time. To save money, users make asics themselves. The table shows the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

Choice of components

ASIC mines crypto coins using only one algorithm (SHA-256, Ethash). Each requires different boards and compatible components. To make a miner (Asic) with your own hands, you need to make sure that all the elements are available.

Chips

You can order chips and solder the board yourself, but first you need to look at ready-made chips on the secondary market. Sometimes it is cheaper to buy a board. Sellers can concede up to 50% of the price.

When choosing chips, you need to take into account such parameters:

• Manufacturer. Users prefer the technique of world brands. However, all companies take raw materials in Taiwan. Therefore, you can consider buying chips of little-known brands at a lower price. The chips on the board should be from the same manufacturer. This reduces the risk of incompatibility.
• Hashrate. The performance of the technique depends on it. Before installation, you need to check the work of chips.
• Frequency of microprocessors. This parameter determines the performance of the board (the number of operations per second). Miners choose chips with the maximum frequency.
• Electricity consumption. The main indicator of the work of the equipment is energy efficiency. Chips are distinguished by power consumption. It can be slightly adjusted (by 10-20%) with the help of downvolting. It should be taken into account that the lower the supply voltage, the lower the power of the equipment. However, the dependence is nonlinear, so you can choose a voltage at which the hash rate is still high.
• Price. From the cost of components depends on the payback period of the miner. It is worth considering all methods of purchase – foreign and Russian marketplaces, ads on forums and in chat rooms. It is necessary to compare the prices of chips and ready-made boards. If you plan to make several asics, you can contact the manufacturers of equipment. Companies supply chips in large batches (from 10 thousand pieces).

Power supply

Chips consume a lot of energy. Therefore, a home power supply is not suitable. You need to buy a powerful server model or include several PSUs in parallel. The stability of the connected equipment depends on the power supply. In case of overload and fire of this element, boards can fail.

To save money, you can buy a block from hand. Before the transaction, it is necessary to carefully inspect the case and connectors. Contacts and wires should be clean, have no traces of fire or melting.

This shortcoming is acceptable if the counterparty gives a good discount. Fire occurs due to voltage failures or excessive overclocking of the ASIC. It is necessary to make sure that the power supply is reliable. To do this, you need to check the output voltage on a tester. Melted connectors can be replaced.

Used units are less reliable. You can disassemble several devices for parts and assemble a powerful PSU. The advantage of this method is confidence in the quality of components. However, the process takes time.

Case

A ready-made box can be bought on the secondary market or made by yourself. In the second case, aluminum plates are used. It is also possible to assemble a wooden open enclosure from a bar. The main requirements: a place for coolers and free air flow inside. The enclosure does not have to be airtight.

Cooling system

It is necessary to provide for heat removal from the miner. It is recommended to install the ASIC in a well-ventilated room. The technique should not be placed close to the wall. It is necessary to ensure free air movement in the case.

On the sides of the asic is required to install 2-4 fans. You can also add one heatsink on each board. If the equipment will stand in the apartment, it is better to buy silent coolers. They are more expensive, but you can install a cheaper noise box. For heat removal, corrugated pipes are used, from which the air goes to the street.

Miners are placed in a well-ventilated room. For additional cooling put air conditioners.

Miner software

ASIC manufacturers install mining software in the equipment. If you build it yourself, the program will have to be downloaded additionally. You can download freely distributed utilities or firmware on thematic forums. Distributions contain installation instructions. You can also ask questions to the author.

Individual developers (HiveOS) make special firmware to increase performance or reduce power consumption.

Instructions for building an asic

On average, an integrated circuit requires 100-700 chips. Each costs 80-1.5 thousand rubles. For accessories (power supply, case, connectors, coolers) will take 20-30 thousand. Thus, the price of the assembled miner will be 50-100 thousand rubles.

It is worth comparing the cost of components with the offers of ready-made equipment on the secondary market. In 2022, due to the decline in the market, users sold off equipment at a discount of up to 50%. At the beginning of 2023 there are still interesting offers.

Here’s how to assemble an asic for mining with your own hands:

1. Choose a crypto coin. Chips support only one algorithm.
2. Prepare a room for mining.
3. Make an electrical diagram of the equipment.
4. Buy chips. You can order chips and solder a hash board or buy a ready-made one on the secondary market.
5. Download firmware for the asic on Github and similar resources. Advanced users write the software themselves.
6. Install cooling. It is better to place the miner in a room equipped with air conditioners. Overheating is dangerous due to the delamination of the hash board. Fans and the case should keep the temperature at 80-100 degrees.
7. Assemble the boards and components according to the wiring diagram.
8. Connect the power supply and cable for the Internet.
9. Check the operation of the assembly.

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